Mr. Pranav Mukharji

Born : 11th December, 1935 at Mirati, Virbhum (West Bengal)

His Family :-

Mr. Pranav Mukharji was born in the Brahmin family of Kamda Kinkar Mukharji. Her mother was Rajlakshmi. His father was a freedom fighter and he was jailed for more than ten years.

He married Shubhra Mukharji at the age of 22 years. She runs a music group. His eldest son, Indrajit was an orphan. He met them in Kumbh fair of Allahabad. His second son Abhijit is a MLA (Member of Legislative Assembly) in West Bengal. His daughter Sharmishtha is a famous dancer. Mr. Mukharji's nick name is Poltu.

His Study :-

Mr. Mukharji has studied at Suri Vidhyasagar Collage of Kolkatta University. He has studied in History, Political Science and Law. He has also achieved degree of D.Lit.

His Political Career :-

He had become Finance Minister in 1984. And in the similar year he was evaluated as the best Finance Minister by Euro money magazine. At that time Mr. Manmohansinh was the governor of Reserve Bank of India.

He is 13th president of India after Mrs. Pratibha Patil. He is the first Bengali president. He won the election of president against P.A.Sangma. He won the election by 69.3% votes means 7,13,763 votes of 10,29,750. He was crowned on 25th July of 2012.He took a vow before the Chief Justice of Supreme Court, H.H.Kapadiya.

He rejected mercy petitions of Ajmal Kasab, the only survivor among the perpetrators of 26/11, and Mohammad Afzal Guru, the main accused in the case of attack on Parliament in 2001.

Indira Gandhi

Born : - 19th November, 1917, at Allahabad.

Death :-  31^st October, 1984, at New Delhi.

                Indira Gandhi was the first and the only female prime minister of India. Indira was the only child of Kamala and Jawaharlal Nehru. Her full name is Indira Priydarshini Jawaharlal Nehru. She was born in 1917, Allahabad. She received her college education at Somerville College, Oxford. In 1942 she married Feroze Gandhi, a fellow member of the Indian National Congress.

               After her father's death in 1964 she was appointed as a member of the Rajyasabha. She served as prime minister of India for three consecutive terms (1966-77) and a fourth term from 1980 until her death in 1984. When Indira became prime minister in 1966 the congress was split in two factions the socialists led by Indira Gandhi and the conservatives led by Morarji Desai.

              On Shastri's sudden death in 1966 Indira Gandhi became leader of the congress party. In July, 1969 she nationalized banks of India. She is also known as ‘Iron Lady of India’. Indira strongly supported East Bengal in its secessionist conflict with Pakistan in late 1971 and Indian army won the war that led to the creation of Bangladesh.

              In 1972's election she won but shortly afterward her defeated socialist party opponent charged that she had violated the election law. In June 1975 the high court of Allahabad ruled against her. In response she declared a state of emergency throughout India. During this period she implemented several unpopular policies. In 1977, Indira and her party were soundly defeated. The Janta party won the election.

              Instead of all setbacks Indira won the election of 1980. After Sanjay Gandhi's death in airplane crash, she trained her other son Rajiv for politics. Indira adhered to the quasi-socialist policies of industrial development. She established closer relations with the Soviet Union. Sikh separatists in Punjab state used violence to assert their demands for an autonomous state. In response Indira ordered an army attack in June 1984 on the Hari Mandir at Amritsar which led to the deaths of more than 450 Sikhs. This mission was called an ‘Operation Bluestar’.

             Five months later Indira was killed by two of her own Sikh bodyguards in revenge for the attack on the Hari Mandir. She was awarded the Lenin Peace prize for 1983-84. She also promoted science and technology. In 1971 India sent its first satellite into space. Gandhi also led a movement; green revolution to fulfill the food shortages mainly affected poor Sikh farmers. In 1984 under the direction of Indira India's first nuclear weapon explosion took place in Pokhran the name of the mission is smiling Buddha.

Jawaharlal Nehru

Jawaharlal Nehru

Birth : 14 November, 1889 at Ilahabad

Death : 27th May, 1964 at Delhi

His Family :-

               He was born in the family of Kashmiri Pandit Motilal Nehru. Svaruprani Thussu was his mother. He was eldest from his two sisters Vijaya Lakshmi and Kishna Hutheesing. He married Kamala. He was the father of Indira Gandhi and maternal grandfather of Rajiv Gandhi.

His Study :-

              He studied in Cambridge University at England. He became Barrister in 1912. He enrolled himself as an advocate in Allahabad High Court.

Contribution in Independence Movement :-

              He was one of the leaders of Indian Independence Movement. He joined Mahatma Gandhi in this movement. He was the president in congress adhiveshan when 'Complete Independence' was announced. Gandhiji acknowledged him as his heir and successor.

His Political Career :-

              He became the first Prime Minister of India.  He conceived organisation of Non Aligned Movement in 1961. He won the elections in 1951, 1957 and 1962 from Pratapgarh district of Uttar Pradesh. He lost Sino-Indian War in 1962.

              He was forced to concede the creation of Pakistan by Muhammad Ali Jinnah. He had to face the communal riots in his starting period of Prime Minister. The secular nature of Jawaharlal Nehru was best exemplified during those times. He took active steps to safeguard the status of Indian Muslims.

              He is known as a architect of Modern India. His economical policies were far reaching and effective today also. He is gave his 'Nehruvian Socialism' as a Indian version of Socialism.

              The Planning Commission is the creation of Nehru. The Planning Commission aims at the development of next five years. The first five year plan was presented on the 8th December, 1951. Primary Education was made compulsory and free of cost. Adult educational units were started.

              He is well known as 'Chacha Nehru'. His birthday is celebrated as a 'Baldin'. He wrote 'Discovery of India'.

  

              He made Panchsheel or five point agreement in 1954. He formally signed Indus Water Treaty with Pakistan in 1960. He suffered a heart attack and died in his office on the 27th of May 1964.

Prime Ministers of India

1. Mr. Javaharlal Nehru (15-8-1947 - 27-5-1964)
2. Mr. Gulzarilal Nanda (27-5-1964 - 9-6-1964)
3. Mr. Lalbahadur Shastri (9-6-1964 - 11-1-1966)
4. Mr. Gulzarilal Nanda (11-1-1966 - 24-1-1966)
5. Mrs. Indira Gandhi (24-1-1966 - 24-3-1977)
6. Mr. Moraraji Desai (24-3-1977 - 28-7-1979)
7. Mr. Charansingh (28-7-1979 - 14-1-1980)
8. Mrs. Indira Gandhi (14-1-1980 - 31-10-1984)
9. Mr. Rajiv Gandhi (31-10-1984 - 1-12-1989)
10. Mr. V. P. Sinh (1-12-1989 - 7-11-1990)
11. Mr. Chandrashekhar (10-11-1990 - 21-6-1991)
12. Mr. P. V. Narsinhrav (21-6-1991 - 16-5-1996)
13. Mr. Atalbihari Bajpei (16-5-1996 - 28-5-1996)
14. Mr. H. D. Devgoda (1-6-1996 - 21-4-1997)
15. Mr. Indukumar Gujaral (21-4-1997 - 19-3-1998)
16. Mr. Atalbihari Vajpayee (19-3-1998 - 26-4-1999)
17. Mr. Atalbihari Vajpayee (13-10-1999 - 21-5-2004)
18. Dr. Manmohansinh (22-5-2004 - till today)

Constitution of India

Constitution of India

• It was first thought by Sir M. N. Roy.
• Constituent assembly was formed under Cabinet Mission Plan 1946.
• Dr. Rajendra Prasad was the president of constituent assembly.
• Mr. Jawaharlal Nehru has written the Preamble of constitution.
• It worked from 9^th December 1946 to 26^th November 1949 means for two years, eleven months and eighteen days.
• Accepted on 26th November 1949 and applied on 26th January 1950 because congress celebrated Independence Day on 26th January 1930.
• There were 389 members in constituent assembly.
• Total expense was 64 millions of it.
• There are 12 schedules and 446 articles in the constitution.
• It is the longest written constitution of world.
• In constitution ‘Secularism’ means state, policy and educational institutes are free from religious views.
•  In constitution ‘Democracy’ means equality in rights and privileges and people have topmost power.
• ‘Secular’ and ‘Socialist’ words are added in constitution by 42^nd amendment.
•  According to constitution of India, Prime Minister and Cabinet are responsible to Parliament.

v Drafting Committee :-

1.  Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar (Chairman)
2.  N. Gopalaswami Ayengar
3.  Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer
4.   Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi
5.   Saiyad Mohammad Sadullah
6.   N. Madhav Rao
7.    D. P. Khaitan

v Adoptions from other constitutions :-

•       Basic rights from U.S.A.
•       Basic duties from Russia.
•       The guiding principles of politics from Ireland.
•        Parliamentary democracy from United Kingdom.
•        Federal authority from Canada.
•        Suspension of Basic rights in emergency from Germany.
•        Idea of republic from France.
•        Idea of Concurrent list of shared powers from Australia.

       

Presidents of India

1. Mr. Rajendra Prasad (1950 - 1962)

2. Dr. S. Radhakrushan (1962 - 1967)
3. Dr. Zakir Husain (1967 - 1969)
4. Mr. V. V. Giri (1969 - 1974)
5. Dr. Fakaruddin Ali Ahemad (1974 - 1977)
6. Mr. Nilam Sanjiv Reddi (1977 - 1982)
7. Mr. Gnani Zailsingh (1982 - 1987)
8. Dr. R. Venkataraman (1987 - 1992)
9. Dr. Shankardayal Sharma (1992 - 1997)
10. Mr. K. R. Narayanan (1997 - 2002)
11. Mr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam (2002 - 2007)
12. Mrs. Pratibha Patil (2007 - 2012)
13. Mr. Pranav Mukharji (2012 - till today)

List of Vise Presidents of India

1. Dr. Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan (1950 - 1962)
2. Dr. Zakir Husain (1962 - 1967)
3. Mr. V. V. Giri (1967 - 1969)
4. Mr. Gopalsvarup Pathak (1969 - 1974)
5. Mr. B. D. Jatti (1974 - 1979)
6. Mr. M. Hidaytulla (1979 - 1984)
7. Mr. R. Venkataraman (1984 - 1987)
8. Dr. Shankardayal Sharma (1987 - 1992)
9. Mr. K. R. Narayanan (1992 - 1997)
10. Mr. K. V. Krushnakant (1997 - 2002)
11. Mr. Bhairosinh Shekhavat (2002 - 2007)
12. Mr. Mahamad Hamid Ansari (2007 - till today)

The Beginning

Hello Friends,
                       This blog is created to share the knowledge which I know and what I consider to be known to the world. I hope you would like it.
                       Thank you.