General Knowledge Test 1 - Answer Key

Developed States

''Orissa, Bihar and Madhy Pradesh less developed states. Goa, tamilnadu and Kerala are developed states.'' - Raghu Ram Rajan (RBI Governor)

Logic Test

1. Hard Disk: Hardware,   Opera:    ?

A. Hardware    B. Software   C. System     D. Monitor

2. Mobile: Tower,      TV:    ?

A. Remote    B. Stabilizer     C. Coverage    D. Satelite

3. Cricket: Ball,      Chess:     ?

A. Horse     B. Check     C. Timer   D. Check mate

4. Shoes: Adidas,     Milk:     ?

A. Cow     B. Amul     C. Reliance    D. Bisleri

5. Doctor: Patient,       Teacher:     ?

A. Student     B. Principal     C. Classroom    D. School

6. Lamp: Light,      Fan:     ?

A. Power     B. Round    C. Wind      D. Heat

7. Wrist: Watch,     Neck:     ?

A. Voice     B. Head     C. Necklace     D. None

8. Fish: Water,     Sun:    ?

A. Light      B. Sky       C. Day      D. Night

9. Good: Bad,       Right:     ?

A. Wrong      B. Night      C. Side       D. Hand

10. December: March,     January:     ?

A. May       B. April      C. June    D. July

11. Politics: Narendra Modi,        Folk Liturature:     ?

A. Manmohansinh       B. Meghani      C. Sania Mirza     D. Sundaram

12. Water: Rain,      Light:     ?

A. Sun    B.Son    C. Lamp     D. Summer

13. Man: Woman,      Prince:     ?

A. King     B. Princess     C. Girl      D. Queen

14. Know: knowledge,     Create:     ?

A. Made    B. Finish     C. Creation     D. None

15. Taj Mahal: India,     Eiffel Tower:     ?

A. India     B. America    C. Japan     D. France

16. Narsinh Mehta: Gujarat,     Meerabai:    ?

A. Maharashtra   B. Uttar Pradesh   C. Rajasthan    D. Gujarat

17. Maharana Pratap: Rajasthan,    Chhatrapati Shivaji:     ?

A. Maharashtra   B. Uttar Pradesh   C. Rajasthan    D. Gujarat

18. Krishna: Mathura,     Ram:     ?

A. Lanka    B. Ayodhya    C. Gokul     D. Kashi

18. Krishna: Balram,    Bharat:     ?

A. Ram     B. Laxman    C. Shatrughna   D. Kansh

19. Hindu: Gita,     Christian:     ?

A. Guru Granth Sahib    B. Bible    C. Kuran    D. None

20. Lion: Animal,    Penguin:     ?

A. Animal    B. Creature    C. Bird     D. None

Answers:-

1. B. Software,     2. D. Satellite,     3. A. Horse,        4. B. Amul,

5. A. Student,       6. C. Wind,          7. C. Necklace,   8. B. Sky,

9. A. Wrong,        10. B. April,         11. B. Meghani,   12. A. Sun,

13. B. Princess,    14. C. Creation,   15. D. France,      16. C. Rajasthan,

17. A. Maharashtra,      18. B. Ayodhya,   19. B. Bible,        20. C. Bird.

Logic Test 1 - Image

Gk Question Bank 1 - Image

Chief Ministers of Gujarat - Image

Prime Minister of India - Image

Presidents of India - Image

Vise Presidents of India - Image

Gk Questions 7

1. Which part of Gujarat is known as the region of the rising Sun?    Answer :  Dahod
2. Which place in Gujarat gets maximum rains?    Answer :  Dharampur
3. Which place in Gujarat is known for Agricultural tools?    Answer :  Rajkot
4. Which play inspired Mahatma Gandhi for becoming such a staunch follower of Truth?    Answer : Satyavadi  Raja Harishchandra
5. Which poet from Gujarat is known as Rashtriya Shaayar?    Answer :  Zaverchand Meghani
6. Which poet in Gujarati is known as ‘Kavishwar’?    Answer :  Dalpatram
7. Which Rann is situated in Kuchh district?    Answer :  Desert of Tharparkar
8. Which religion faiths do the Taranga is believed to be a Mahatirtha?    Answer :  Jains
9. Which saint dedicated his life to the service of the leprosy sufferers?    Answer :  Saint Amardevi  Das
10. Which sanctuary in district Panchmahal is known for species of birds?    Answer :  Ratanmahal
11. Which sanctuary in Gujarat is known for the bear?    Answer :  Jessor
12. Which state did Kalapi was a king to?    Answer :  Lathi
13. Which state produces maximum salt in India?    Answer :  Gujarat
14. Who embraced martyrdom while putting up the National Flag in Gujarat College at the time of Quit India movement?    Answer :  Vinod Kinariwala
15. Who established Arya Samaj?    Answer :  Swami  Dayanand Saraswati
16. Who got Kankariya Lake constructed?    Answer :  Sultan Kutubuddin
17. Who got Modhera Surya Temple constructed?    Answer :  Bhimdev the first
18. Who is dearly known as 'Ba' all over the world?    Answer :  Kasturba Gandhi
19. Who is known as the promoter of Libraries in Gujarat?    Answer :  Motibhai  Amin
20. Who is the Indian fast baller who got hattrick in Test series?    Answer :  Irfan Pathan
21. Who is the top ranked player in Table Tennis in Gujarat?    Answer :  Pathik Mehta
22. Who renovated the Somnath Temple after India got independence?    Answer :  Sardar   Vallabhbhai Patel
23. Who started the orphanages in Gujarat?    Answer :  Mahipatram Rupram
24. Who was the first (1960) governor of Gujarat?    Answer :  Mehndi  Nawaz Jang
25. Who was the first Gujarati prime minister in India?    Answer :  Morarji  Desai
26. Who was the first lady Minister of Gujarat?    Answer :  Indumatiben Sheth
27. Who wrote ‘Mere to Girdhar Gopal’?    Answer :  Mirabai
28. Who wrote under the pen name of 'Darshak'?    Answer :  Manubhai  Rajaram Panchol i
29. Who wrote, ‘Jya jya vase ek Gujarati, tya tya sada kaal Gujarat’?    Answer :  Poet Khabardar
30. Whose daughter is the river Tapi believed to be?    Answer :  Lord Surya

Gk Questions 6

1. Which Gujarati flagged the National flag of India on a foreign land the first time?    Answer :  Madam Bhikhai ji  Cama
2. Which Gujarati is the Chairman of India’s biggest software company, Wipro?    Answer :  Azim Premji
3. Which Gujarati player got federating in Chess at the youngest age?    Answer :  Pratik Parekh
4. Which Gujarati scholar was the first to join the British judiciary in 1844 ?    Answer :  Bholanath Sarabhai
5. Which hills are there between Danta and Palanpur?    Answer :  Jessore
6. Which is the biggest fertilizer factory in Gujarat?    Answer:  Gujarat Narmada valley fertilizer co.
7. Which is the biggest palace in Gujarat?    Answer :  Lakshmi  Vilas Palace-Vadodara
8. Which is the biggest sanctuary in Gujarat?    Answer :  Kachchh Desert Sanctuary
9. Which is the biggest temple of Gujarat?    Answer :  Akshrardham Temple, Gandhinagar
10. Which is the first marine national park of India?    Answer :  Jamnagar Marine National  Park
11. Which is the head centre in the district Kachchh?    Answer :  Bhuj
12. Which is the ideal time considered for seeing the woodpecker in Gujarat?    Answer :  Early Morning
13. Which is the official state animal in Gujarat?    Answer :  Lion
14. Which is the official state bird in Gujarat?    Answer :  Flemingo
15. Which is the smallest district of Gujarat?    Answer :  Gandhinagar
16. Which is the well known sanctuary for Leopard and Deer in Gujarat?    Answer :  Bardipada (Dist. Dang)
17. Which lake in Kachchh has sweet water even though it is close to the sea?    Answer :  Narayan Sarovar
18. Which Mughal king believed Gujarat as the jewel of India?    Answer :  Aurengzeb
19. Which national marine park is situated in the bay of Kachchh?    Answer :  Jamnagar Marine National Park
20. Which Non Gujarati litterateur was known as 'Sawai Gujarati'?    Answer :  Kakasaheb Kalelkar

Gk Questions 5

1. Which ashram did Gandhiji set up as the centre of freedom movement?    Answer :  Kocharab Ashram
2. Which bird weaves its nest in group and create an entire bird city?    Answer :  Swi fts
3. Which bridge in Ahmedabad is made of Iron which has yet not got eroded?    Answer :  Ellis Bridge
4. Which city has the largest open air screen in Asia?    Answer :  Ahmedabad (Drive in Cinema)
5. Which city in Gujarat is known as city of Palaces?    Answer :  Vadodara
6. Which City in Gujarat is known for being the birth place of Jamshedji Tata & Dadabhai Navroji? Answer :  Navsari
7. Which city in Kachchh is known for manufacturing knives?    Answer :  Anjar
8. Which city is known for the centre for cumin seeds and fennel seeds?    Answer :  Unjha
9. Which city of Gujarat has the highest population?    Answer :  Ahmedabad
10. Which city of Gujarat was a transit point in the Spice & Silk trade in ancient times?    Answer : Bharuch
11. Which city was made the Capital of Gujarat after the establishment of the state?    Answer : Ahmedabad
12. Which daily did Gandhiji start for the upliftement of the backwards?    Answer :  Harijan Bandhu (Gujarati )
13. Which day of the week Gandhiji used to observe silence?    Answer :  Monday
14. Which district have the famous Gira water fall?    Answer :  Dangs
15. Which district in India produces the maximum of ground nuts?    Answer :  Junagadh
16. Which district of Gujarat has the maximum of Tribes?    Answer :  Daang
17. Which district of Gujarat is known for being the worlds’ largest flamingo ground?    Answer :  Kuchcha
18. Which fair held in Gujarat on fifteenth of the month Fagun is very popular?    Answer :  Fair of Dakor
19. Which famous painter started the magazine ‘Kumar’?    Answer :  Ravishankar Rawal
20. Which fort at Jamnagar is converted into a museum?    Answer :  Lakhota Fort

Gk Questions 4

1. What was Vadnagar known as in olden times?    Answer :  Anartpur
2. When did Television start in Gujarat?    Answer :  15th August, 1975
3. Where and when did first Gujarati school start?    Answer :  1836, Surat
4. Where did Gandhiji set up the first Ashram in Ahmedabad?    Answer :  Kocharab Ashram
5. Where in Gujarat is the meeting place of seven rivers?    Answer :  Vautha
6. Where in Gujarat the biggest fair on the full moon day of Kartik held?    Answer :  Somnath
7. Where is Kite Museum in Ahmedabad?    Answer :  Tagore Hall, Paldi
8. Where is Narayan Sarovar situated in Gujarat?    Answer : Kachchh
9. Where is the Dudhsarita Dairy located?    Answer :  Bhavnagar
10. Where is the famous Jalaram temple?    Answer :  Vi rpur
11. Where is the known Watson museum in Gujarat?    Answer :  Rajkot
12. Where is the longest beach in Gujarat?    Answer :  Jamnagar
13. Where is the origin of the river Vishwamitri?    Answer :  Pavagadh mountain
14. Where is the Space Application Centre (SAC) in Gujarat?    Answer :  Ahmedabad
15. Where was the first Planetarium of Gujarat established?    Answer :  Surat
16. Where was the first revolving restaurant made in Asia?    Answer :  Surat
17. Where was the poet Akho born?    Answer :  Jetalpur (near Ahmedabad)
18. Which age is known as Golden age in the history of Gujarat?    Answer :  Solanki  Period
19. Which animal was the national animal of India before the implementation of Project Tiger? Answer :  Lion
20. Which animal’s special breed known as Jafrabadi is nurtured in Gujarat?    Answer :  Buffalo

Gk Questions 3

1. What are the distinctly designed small houses in Kachchh known as?    Answer :  Bhoonga
2. What international day is Gandhiji's birthday celebrated as?    Answer :  Antarashtriya Ahimsa Divas
3. What is Dattatreya Balkrishna popularly known as?    Answer :  Kakasaheb Kalelkar
4. What is Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel’s native?    Answer :  Karamsad
5. What is the funeral place of Parsees called?    Answer :  Dakhamu
6. What is the literacy rate in Gujarat?    Answer :  79.8 per.
7. What is the name of the village which hosts an ancient temple of Krishna, Balram, and Rukmini in Porbandar district?    Answer :  Madhavpur
8. What is the old name of river Banas?    Answer :  Parnasha
9. What is the original name of Jayshankar Sundari?    Answer :  Jayshankar Bhojak
10. What is the title of Mahatma Gandhi’s autobiography?    Answer :  Satya na Prayogo
11. What is the weight of Asiatic lion?    Answer :  150 to 170 kg
12. What is the weight of the Kalash atop the Somnath Temple?    Answer :  10 Tones
13. What is Vadnagar known for?    Answer :  Ancient artistic Toran and Hatkeshwar  temple
14. What was Gandhiji's residence in Ahmedabad called?    Answer :  Hridaykunj
15. What was the birth place of Hemchandracharya?    Answer :  Dhandhuka
16. What was the childhood name of poet Dayaaram?    Answer :  Dayaashankar
17. What was the native of poet Premanand?    Answer :  Vadodara
18. What was the title given to social worker and patriot Ravishankar Maharaj?    Answer :  Muthi Unchero Manvi
19. What was the total length of Dandi March?    Answer :  385 km
20. What was the worldly name of Hemchandracharya?    Answer :  Changdev

Gk Questions 2

1. In which district is the crop of onion taken in maximum?    Answer :  Bhavnagar
2. In which district is the Geer national Garden?    Answer :  Junagadh
3. In which district is the Jessore Sanctuary for the Bear?    Answer :  Banaskantha
4. In which district is the pilgrimage called Bhalkatirth, where Lord Krishna breathed his last, as per a belief?    Answer :  Junagadh
5. In which district of Gujarat is the Dudhsagar Dairy located?    Answer :  Mehsana
6. In which district of Gujarat is the Mother Dairy located?    Answer :  Gandhinagar
7. In which district of Gujarat the highest cultivation of paddy is carried out?    Answer :  Valsad
8. In which village of Gujarat the Afro-origin tribes are dwelling while preserving their traditional culture and customs?    Answer :  Sirvan
9. Name the first Gujarati who favored fighters’ revolution.    Answer :  Shyamji  Krishna Varma
10. Name the only region which stands apart for its thick Jungle pulsating with wildlife, tribal culture & Stunning natural beauty?    Answer :  Dangs
11. Name the poet of 'Mangal Mandir Kholo'.    Answer :  Narsinh rao Bholanath Divetiya
12. Name the University of the olden times of Gujarat that was known in the world.    Answer :  Valabhi Vidyapeeth
13. On the banks of which river does the city of Navsari dwell?    Answer :  Poorna
14. On the banks of which river does the city of Surat dwell?    Answer :  Taapi
15. On the banks of which river does the city of Vankaner dwell?    Answer :  Machchhu
16. The renowned poet Akho belonged to the reign of which Mughal emperor?    Answer :  Jahangi r
17. To which district does the Khijadiya bird Sanctuary belong?    Answer :  Jamnagar
18. To which Indian national zone does the rail way of Gujarat belong?    Answer :  West
19. To which place did historical personality – the elite, religious Jagdusha belong?    Answer :  Kachchh
20. Usually at what time do the lions roar?    Answer :  In an hour after Sunset

GK Questions 1

1. Against which act did Gujarat witness strike in 1919?    Answer :  Rollet Act
2. As whose sacred place is Sattadhar – a place for pilgrimage in Gujarat known for?    Answer :  Sant Data Giga and Apa Giga
3. At which lake in Siddhapur the rituals are performed after the death of mother?    Answer :  Bindu Sarovar
4. By which award are researchers in the field of science felicitated?    Answer :  Dr. Vikram Sarabhai Award
5. For leading which Satyagraha did Sardar Patel got the title 'Sardar'?    Answer :  Bardol i  Satyagraha
6. For which age is Compulsory and Free education applicable?    Answer :  From 6 to 14 years
7. From which language is Gujarati derived?    Answer :  Sanskrit
8. How many districts in Gujarat does the tropic of Cancer cut across?    Answer :  Four
9. How many Jyotirling temples are there in Gujarat?    Answer :  Two:  Somnath and Darukavan
10. How many kg of food can an Asiatic lion have in a day?    Answer :  30 kgs
11. How many times in a second does Sunbirds flap its wings?    Answer :  175 to 200 times
12. How much area is covered by the largest Sarovar ‘Nal sarovar’ of Gujarat?    Answer :  186 sq km
13. How much part has been covered by the Desert in Gujarat?    Answer :  27,200 sq. km
14. How old would is the port of Lothal believed to be?    Answer :  approximately 4000 years back
15. In which city are the crops of onions taken in maximum?    Answer :  Mahuva
16. In which city did poetess Mirabai spend the latter part of her life?    Answer :  Dwarika
17. In which city is the Maharaja Fateh Singh Museum located?    Answer :  Vadodara
18. In which city is the Sayajirao Museum in Gujarat?    Answer :  Baroda
19. In which city of Gujarat is the world known engraving on the stone – Sidi Saiyed ni Jali?    Answer : Ahmedabad
20. In which district in Gujarat teak wood grows in maximum?    Answer :  Dang

Information of Gujarat

·         Gujarat was established on 1st May of 1960.

·         The Capital City of Gujarat is Gandhinagar.

·         Ahmedabad is the largest city of Gujarat.

·         There are 33 districts in Gujarat.

·         Mrs. Kamla Beniwal is current governor of Gujarat.

·         Mr. Narendra Modi is the Chief Minister of Gujarat from the Bharatiy Janta Party.

·         Gujarat has Legislature of 182 seats.

·         Its high court is known as Gujarat High Court.

·         The total area of Gujarat is 196,024 km2 (75,685 sq mi) with a coastline of 1600 km (990 mi).

·         It has 7th area rank in India.

·         According to CENSUS report of 2011 the total population of Gujarat is 60,383,628

·         Gujarat has 10th rank in population in India.

·         Total density of population in Gujarat is 310 per square kilometers and 800 per mile.

·         Literacy rate of Gujarat is 80.18 percent.

·         The official language of Gujarat is Gujarati.

·         Gujarat derived its name from the word 'Gujaratta'. Gujaratta means the land of gurjars. The gurjars were a sub-tribe of the Huns who ruled the area during the 8th and 9th centuries AD. They passed through Punjab and settled in some parts of western India, which came to be known as Gujarat.

·         Gujarat is bounded by the Arabian Sea in the west, by Rajasthan in the north and northeast, by Madhya Pradesh in the east and by Maharashtra in the south and south east. The state has an international border and has a common frontier with Pakistan at the northwestern fringe. It is situated on the north end of the west coast of India.

·         The history of Gujarat dates back to 3500 years. The Harappa and Mohenjodaro civilization can be known from the archaeological findings at Lothal near Dhandauka in Ahmedabad district and Rozdi in Saurashtra.

New Machine of making Diesel

• Patent on the machine of making diesel out of plastic garbage is approved.
• This machine is created by Chitra Thiyagaraj from Chennai. Mr. C.S.M. Sundram assisted him.
•  This machine is called ‘Pyaro-plant’.
• Any kind of plastic garbage can be used in this machine except bottle plastic.

How does it work?

• The plastic garbage is heated in Chromium Micro Bend Heaters in the absence of Oxygen.
• The plastic garbage is given heat of 350 to 375 degree.
• The gas created by this process is moved to the other chamber which cools it.
• And the liquid achieved at the end can be used as a diesel. Its gas also can be used as a LPG.

Mother Teresa

Born: 26th August, 1910 at Skopje, Macedonia.

Died: 5th September, 1997 at Calcutta, India.

Her Family:-

             On August 27, 1910, a date frequently mistaken for her birthday, Teresa was baptized as Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu.Teresa's parents, Nikola and Drana Bojaxhiu, were of Albanian descent. Her father was a construction contractor and a trader of medicines and other goods. The Bojaxhius were a devoutly Catholic family, and Nikola Bojaxhiu was deeply involved in the local church as well as in city politics as a vocal proponent of Albanian independence. Her father suddenly fell ill and died. But the reason of his father's death is still unknown. Her mother instilled in her a deep commitment in charity.

Her Education :-

             Teresa attended a convent-run primary school and then a state-run secondary school.

Became Sister Mary Teresa :-

             In 1928, an 18-year-old Agnes Bojaxhiu decided to become a nun and set off for Ireland to join the Loreto Sisters of Dublin. It was there that she took the name Sister Mary Teresa after Saint Thérèse of Lisieux.

Teresa as a Teacher :-

            A year later, Mother Teresa traveled on to Darjeeling, India for the novitiate period; in May 1931, Mother Teresa made her First Profession of Vows. Then she was sent to Calcutta, where she was assigned to teach at Saint Mary's High School for Girls, a school run by the Loreto Sisters and dedicated to teaching girls from the city's poorest Bengali families. Teresa learned to speak both Bengali and Hindi fluently as she taught geography and history and dedicated herself to alleviating the girls' poverty through education. On May 24, 1937, she took her Final Profession of Vows to a life of poverty, chastity and obedience.

Got the Name of Mother :-

             As was the custom for Loreto nuns, she took on the title of "mother" upon making her final vows and thus became known as Mother Teresa. Mother Teresa continued to teach at Saint Mary's, and in 1944 she became the school's principal.

Call of Christ :-

             On 10th September of 1946, Mother Teresa experienced a calling from Christ. She was riding a train from Calcutta to the Himalayan foothills for a retreat when Christ spoke to her and told her to abandon teaching to work in the slums of Calcutta aiding the city's poorest and sickest people. In January 1948 she finally received approval from the local Archbishop Ferdinand Périer to pursue this calling.After six months of basic medicaltraining, she voyaged for the first time into Calcutta's slums with no more specific goal than to aid "the unwanted, the unloved, the uncared for."

The Missionaries of Charity :-

              She began an open-air school and established a home for the dying destitute in a dilapidated building she convinced the city government to donate to her cause. In October 1950, she won canonical recognition for a new congregation, the Missionaries of Charity, which she founded with only 12 members -- most of them former teachers or pupils from St. Mary's School. Donations poured in from around India and across the globe for her cheritable activies. In 1950s and 1960s, Mother Teresa established a leper colony, an orphanage, a nursing home, a family clinic and a string of mobile health clinics. In February 1965, Pope John Paul VI bestowed the Decree of Praise upon the Missionaries of Charity, which prompted Mother Teresa to begin expanding internationally. By the time of her death in 1997, the Missionaries of Charity numbered over 4,000 with 610 foundations in 123 countries on all seven continents. In 1971, Mother Teresa traveled to New York City where she opened a soup kitchen as well as a home to care for those infected with HIV/AIDS.

Awards Achievement :-

·         Padma Shri award by India in 1962.

·         Roman Magsaysay award for international understanding and her work in South or East Asia in 1962.

·         Jawaharlal Nehru award for International Understanding in 1969.

·         In 1971 Paul VI gave her the first Pope John XXIII Peace Prize.

·         Albert Schweitzer International Prize in 1975.

·         Pacem in Terris Award in 1976.

·         Balzan Prize in 1978.

·         Nobel Peace Prize in 1979.

·         Bharat Ratna in 1980.

·         Order of Australia in 1982.

·         Order of Merit in 1983.

·         Presidential Medal of Freedom by America in 1985.

Her Death :-

              She suffered some problems of heart, lung and kidney and died on 5th September 1997 at the age of 87 years. On Oct. 19, 2003, Pope John Paul II beatified Mother Teresa.

History of Indus Valley

Palaeolithic Age :-

• This age is the foremost age of human being.
• Palaeo means old and Lithic means stone.
• In this age hunting and food gathering was the only culture.
• Man mostly used hand-axe, choppers and cleavers which were made by stones.
• A variety of blades, points and scrappers were also used by Man.

Mesolithic Age:-

• This age period was about 10000 – 4000 BC.
• People lived on hunting, fishing and food gathering.
• Rock Paintings and carvings have been found in Bhimbetaka.
• Animals based on their hunting lives like bisons, elephants tigers, boars etc. were the subjects of these paintings.
• Their activities like dancing, running, hunting, playing games and quarreling were described in these paintings, too.
• Man had started domestication of animals in this age.

Neolithic Age:-

• This age started about 6000 – 1000 BC.
• Farming and domestication of animals were found in this age.
• There are four chief characteristics of this age :-

1. Animal Domestication
2. Agricultural practice
3. Grinded and Polished stone tools
4. Pottery manufacture.

• Because of farming Man had settled at one place in this age.
• Animals like cow, dog, ox, goat etc. were domesticated.
• In this age Man knew the art of producing fire by the friction of stones.
• First time in this age man started to eat roasted food.
• Bows d arrows were invented for hunting.
• Man learnt art of pottery, art of spinning and weaving.
• Practice of burial started.
• People of this age are known as cattle herders and agriculturists.
• They produced ragi, wheat, burley, masoor, kulthi etc.
• Tool making was also accepted as a occupation in this age.
• Later on their economy was converted into subsistence agriculture, stock raising, hunting and fishing.

Bronze Age:-

• Broadly between 3000 BC and 1500 BC this age started.
• In this age there was a developed civilization with well planned and populous cities.
• These cities in the valley of Indus are popularly known as the Indus Valley Civilization.
• This civilization is also called the Harappan Civilization because it was first discovered in 1921 at Harappa in Sahiwal district of Punjab province of Pakistan.
• Town planning is the most striking feature of this civilization.
• People of Indus didn't know the use of iron.

Impressive Town Planning:-

• All roads and streets were straight from north to south or from east to west.
• The drains were made of mortar, lime and gypsum. They were further covered with loose bricks which could be lifted easily to clean the drains.
• The actual bathing pool measures 39 feet by 23 feet with a depth of 8 feet. It is situated in the middle of a quadrangle having verandahs on all sides.
• Burnt bricks were lavishly used to build. The bricks were made of alluvial soil.

Fundamental Rights

v  Right to equality (Articles 14 - 18)

·         Equality in law or the equal protection of the law. No man is above the law.

·         No discrimination of people on the grounds of race, caste, sex, religion or place of birth.

·         Equality of opportunity to everyone.

·         Abolition of untouchability.

·         Abolition at titles. A military or academic distinction is exception in this ban.

v  Right to Freedom (Act 19 - 22)

·         Freedom of speech and expressions.

·         Freedom to assemble peaceably and without arms.

·         Freedom to make association or union.

·         Freedom to move throughout India.

·         Freedom to reside and settle in any part of India.

·         Freedom to practice any profession or occupation, trade or business.

·         A man can be convicted only if he has violated a law which is in force at particular time.

·         A person cannot be given greater penalty than prescribed in law.

·         Law or the authority cannot prosecute or punish more than once for the same offence.

·         Man cannot be compelled to be a witness against himself.

·         No one shall be deprived of his life or liberty except according to the procedure established by law.

·         Article 22) provides for protection against arrest and detention in certain cases. And the arrested person should be produced before the nearest magistrate within 24 hours.

v  Right against Exploitation:-

·         Forced labor is prohibited.

·         Child before fourteen years shall not be employed to work in any factories or mines or any other hazardous employment.

v  Right of Freedom of Religion:-

·         Article 25 gives freedom of conscience and the right to profess, practice and propagate any religion subject only to the condition that religious freedom cannot be exercised in a manner prejudicial to public order, health and morality.

·         According to Article 26 every region and religious denomination is free to establish and manage institutions for religious and charitable purpose. They can acquire and manage property for running such institutions.

v  Cultural and Educational Right (Article 29 - 30)

·         Article 29 protects rights of minorities.

·         Article 30 gives minorities a right to establish and administer educational institutions.

v  Right to Constitutional Remedies (Article 32)

·         Article 32 mentions five types of writs :-

1. Habeas Corpus: This means 'To have a body'. An arrested person can request the court for this issue.
2. Mandamus: This is a Latin word which means 'We command'. It is an order from higher court to a lower court to perform an act, which falls in within its duty. There is an exception of President and Governor in it.
3. Prohibition: It is issued by the Supreme Court or High Court a lower court when the latter exceed their judicial power.
4. Certiorari: This word means 'To be certified'. It is issued to quash the order or decisions of the tribunal.
5. Qua-Warranto: It is used to prevent illegal assumption of any public office by anybody.

Important Full Forms

1. ADIDAS- All Day I Dream About Sports
2. AUDI-Auto Union Deutschland Ingolstadt
3. BMW- Baverian Motor Works
4. AMW- Asian Motor Works
5. GOOGLE- Global Organization Of Oriented Group Language of Earth
6. CNN-IBN- Cable News Network- Indian Broadcasting Network
7. VVS Laxman- Vengipurapu Venkata Sai Laxman
8. APJ Abdul Kalam- Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam
9. MDH(Massala)- Mahashian Di Hatti
10. ISCON- International Society for Krishna Consciousness
11. LASER- Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
12. i.e- id est (that is)
13. INTEL- Integrated Electronics
14. CMYK- Cyan Magenta Yellow Kinda(Black)
15. JPEG- Joint Photography Expert Group
16. EMI- Equated Monthly Installments
17. WIPRO- Western Indian Products
18. DNA- Deoxy-ribo Nucleic Acid
19. CBI- Criminal Bureau of Investigation
20. CAT- Common Admission Test
21. ATM- Automated Teller Machine
22. ISI- Indian Standard Institute
23. IPI- International Press Institute
24. AT&T- American telegraphic and Telephone Co. Ltd.
25. ICICI- Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India
26. IDBI- Industrial Development Bank of India
27. FBI- Federal Bureau of Investigation
28. HDFC- Housing Development Finance Corporation
29. VIRUS- Vital Information
30. Resources under Siege
31. OBC- Other Backward Classes
32. MPEG- Motion Picture Experts Groups
33. NAAC- National Assessment and Accreditation
34. PSLV- Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle
35. RADAR- Radio Detecting and Ranging
36. RDX- Research Department Explosive
37. MRF- Madras Rubber Factory
38. LML- Lohia Machines Limited
39. STD- Subscriber Trunk Dialing
40. TOEFL- Test of English as a Foreign Language
41. SENSEX- Sensitivity Index (of share price)
42. URL- Uniform Resource Locator
43. TVS- T.V Sundaram(Co-Founder)
44. BBC-British Broadcasting Corporation

List of Chief Ministers of Gujarat

1	Jivaraj Maheta	(1-05-1960 – 19-09-1963)
2	Balavantaray Maheta	(19-09-1963 – 20-09-1965)
3	Hitendrabhai Desai	(20-09-1965 – 7-05-1971)
4	Ghanshyambhai Oza	(17-03-1972 – 17-07-1973)
5	Chimanbhai Patel	(18-07-1973 – 9-02-1974)
6	Babubhai J. Patel	(18-06-1975 – 12-03-1976)
7	Madhavsinh Solanki	(24-12-1976 – 10-04-1977)
8	Babubhai J. Patel	(11-04-1977 – 17-02-1980)
9	Madhavsinh Solanki	(07-06-1980 – 06-07-1985)
10	Amarsinh Chaudhari	(06-07-1985 – 09-12-1989)
11	Madhavsinh Solanki (In Chanrge)	(10-12-1989 – 04-03-1990)
12	Chimanbhai Patel	(04-03-1990 – 17-02-1994)
13	Chhabildas Maheta	(17-02-1994 – 14-03-1995)
14	Keshubhai Patel	(14-3-1995 - 21-10-1995)
15	Sureshbhai Maheta	(22-10-1995 - 18-9-1996)
	PRESIDENT RULE	(19-9-1996 - 23-10-1996)
16	Shankarsinh Vaghela	(23-10-1996 - 27-10-1997)
17	Dilipbhai Parikh	(28-10-1997 - 3-3-1998)
18	Keshubhai Patel	(4-3-1998 - 6-10-2001)
19	Narendra Modi	(7-10-2001 - 19-7-2002)
20	Narendra Modi	(19-7-2002 - 20-12-2002)
21	. Narendra Modi	(21-12-2002 - 22-12-2007)
22	Narendra Modi	(23-12-2007 - 23-12- 2012)
23	Narendra Modi	(26-12-2012 – till today)